Anales de la Real Academia de Doctores de España publish this article

January 1^st, 2024

Perez-Sancho M., Garcia-Seco T., Sánchez-Morales L., Moreno I., Dominguez M., Goyache J. and Dominguez L..

Once again, evidence has shown that even the most established dogmas can be questioned: the duality of innate immunity/no-immunological memory and acquired immunity/immunological memory has been challenged in recent years by revealing the existence of certain memory traits in the innate response. For this reason, a new
concept has emerged in the immunology field: trained immunity. This immune response would be based on the epigenetic/metabolic reprogramming of certain innate immune cells (such as monocytes and macrophages) and would imply an improvement in the innate response to microbial agents. In recent years, there has been speculation
about the existence of certain agents (e.g. BCG) that can induce resistance upon re-stimulation against heterologous microorganisms (and even tumor cells), being trained immunity proposed as one of the possible mechanisms of this process. The UCM Health Surveillance research group has a line of research to evaluate the impact that mycobacteria, as immunomodulatory agents oftrained immunity, can have on the response to heterologous pathogens, oncological processes and processes against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this article we will explore the concepts and bases
of trained immunity, as well as the relationship betweenit and mycobacteria, with special emphasis on its application in veterinary medicine and the potential application of BCG in the fight against SARS-CoV-2

	Servicio de Identificación y Caracterización Microbiana (ICM). Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET). Universidad Complutense (UCM). 111
	Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense (UCM). 111
	Servicio de Inmunología. Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). 111
	Real Academia de Doctores de España (RADE). 111