Investigación

Effect of oxygen on antimicrobial resistance genes from a one health perspective

Science of the total environment publica este artículo de investigación

Bacteria must face and adapt to a variety of physicochemical conditions in the environment and during infection. A key condition is the concentration of dissolved oxygen, proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), which is extremely variable among environmental biogeographical areas and also compartments of the human and animal body. Here, we sought to understand if the phenotype of resistance determinants commonly found in Enterobacterales can be influenced by oxygen pressure. To do so, we have compared the MIC in aerobic and anaerobic conditions of isogenic Escherichia coli strain… Leer más

Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol

Artículo de investigación publicado en The Veterinary Journal

Traditional wildlife sampling methods have limitations in providing a well-distributed, timely and accurate disease surveillance in wildlife. We developed a field protocol for collecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) oral fluid samples for non-invasive active disease surveillance using environmental ropes. We deployed ropes in field settings and tested the rope-sampled oral fluids for antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis and closely related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Oral fluid samples were collected from three wild boars populations in Spain with endemic tuberculosis … Leer más

Revisiting Mycobacterium bovis SB0121 genetic diversity reflects the complexity behind bovine tuberculosis persistence in Spain

Preventive Veterinary Medicine publica este artículo de investigación

Identifying the causes of tuberculosis (TB) chronicity in cattle herds in Spain is a complex endeavour, mainly due to the multiple factors involved in persistence and the clonal population structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. This study assessed the genomic diversity among M. bovis isolates belonging to SB0121, the most prevalent genotype in Spain, in chronically-infected herds. A total of 70?M. bovis isolates from 22 herds, located in six Spanish provinces, in which M. bovis SB0121 was isolated in at least three different sampling events were sequenced. Forty-three isolates fr… Leer más

Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis in humans and animals in Spain

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy publica este artículo de investigación

Salmonella Enteritidis, the most prevalent serovar causing human gastroenteritis, has been traditionally linked to poultry sources. Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not common in this serovar, increasing levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones and ampicillin have been reported in 42 the last years. Here, 298 isolates retrieved from different sources (human, livestock, wildlife, food and environment) and years (2002-2021) in Spain were analysed to evaluate their diversity, the distribution of AMR-conferring genes (ARGs) and mutations, and reconstruct the epidemiology of infection d… Leer más

Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in Horses After the 2021 Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Myeloencephalopathy, Valencia, Spain

Journal of veterinary internal medicine publica este artículo de investigación

Background: Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a persistent threat to horses, with unclear risk factors and disease severity. Objectives: To evaluate risk factors, effective reproduction rate (Rt), and long-term athletic outcomes of an EHM outbreak. Methods: Retrospective study of the 2021 EHM outbreak in Valencia, Spain, examining associations between risk factors (sex, age, breed, country of origin, and vaccination status) and case fatality rate, EHM development, and odds of returning to competition using odds ratios [95% CI] and Rt via the Robert Kochs Institute method. Resu… Leer más

- Veterinarios españoles analizan los factores de riesgo del herpesvirus equino en caballos a la hora de volver a competir - animalshealth.es

Exudative epidermitis by Staphylococcus hyicus producing ExhC: Control proposals against an emergent pathogen in intensive pig production

The Veterinary Journal publica este artículo de investigación

Exudative epidermitis (EE) is an occasional infectious disease affecting suckling and weaned piglets, with severe presentation in outbreaks. We described the diagnosis and control measurements conducted after an outbreak of EE caused by Staphylococcus hyicus producing an exfoliative toxin type C (ExhC) in a commercial 4000-head sow farm. Clinical disease was observed in suckling piglets, with a 70 % of morbidity, and a significant increase of mortality rate of 5 % during this period (p < 0.0001) was detected. The bacteria could be recovered from skin and internal organs of affected animals, an… Leer más

Non-typhoidal Salmonella in food animals in Paraguay: predominant serovars and resistance phenotypes

Investigación publicada en Frontiers in veterinary science

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella in livestock (poultry, pig, and cattle) is crucial to maintain food safety. Given the lack of information on the situation in livestock in Paraguay, the aim of this study was to determine the most frequent Salmonella serovars in poultry, pig and cattle sampled in slaughterhouses in the country in 2020–22 along with their AMR phenotypes using data from a national pilot program. Out of 1,161 samples collected from slaughtered animals originating from 189 farms nationwide, Salmonella was isolated from 91/384 (23.7%) samples from poult… Leer más

Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in canine serum: establishing reference intervals and influencing factors

Artículo de investigación publicado en BMC Veterinary Research

Background Mounting evidence suggests that malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) are valuable biomarkers of lipid and nucleic acid oxidation in numerous canine diseases. However, their application in clinical settings is limited due to the absence of reference intervals (RI) and the analytical inconsistencies. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize serum MDA and 8-OHdG concentrations in dogs, to establish assay-specific RI, and to identify biological, haematological and biochemical factors influencing these markers. Methods A total of 190 clinically healthy d… Leer más

Integrative and conjugative elements associated with antimicrobial resistance in multidrug resistant Pasteurella multocida isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-affected animals in Spanish feedlots

Investigación publicada en The Veterinary quarterly

The emergence of multidrug-resistance (MDR) in Pasteurella multocida, a major contributor to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is being increasingly reported, often linked to the carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) on integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). The resistance phenotype for 19 antimicrobials was determined using broth microdilution in 75 Pasteurella multocida isolates from healthy and BRD-affected cattle from five feedlots. The genomes of 32 isolates were sequenced to identify ARG) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and assess their genetic diversity. MDR isolates… Leer más

Genome Analysis of 6222 Bacterial Isolates from Livestock and Food Environments in Spain to Decipher the Antibiotic Resistome

Artículo de investigación publicado en Antibiotics

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health and the economy, with projected costs ranging from $300 billion to $1 trillion annually and an estimated 10 million deaths per year by 2050. The food chain, from primary production to retail, represents a critical entry point for antimicrobial resistant bacteria into communities. This underscores the need for a coordinated “One Health” approach, integrating efforts in animal production, environmental health, and human healthcare to address this global concern. This study aimed to cha… Leer más