Last SCI scientific publications
Distinct African Swine Fever Virus Shedding in Wild Boar Infected with Virulent and Attenuated Isolates
Vaccine 8:767.
Abstract: Since the reappearance of African swine fever virus (ASFV), the disease has spread in an unprecedented animal pandemic in Eurasia. ASF currently constitutes the greatest global problem for the swine industry. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) in which the pathogen has established wild self-sustaining cycles, is a key reservoir for ASFV, signifying that there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine against this virus. Current scientific debate addresses whether live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), which have shown promising results in cross-protection of susceptible hosts, may be feasible for vaccinations carried out owing to safety concerns. The objective of this study was, therefore, to compare the ASFV shedding in wild boar infec… Leer más
Kosowska A., Cadenas-Fernández E., Barroso-Arevalo S., Sanchez-Vizcaino JM. and Barasona JA..
Primary and promiscuous functions coexist during evolutionary innovation through whole protein domain acquisitions
ELife 9:e58061.
Abstract Molecular examples of evolutionary innovation are scarce and generally involve point mutations. Innovation can occur through larger rearrangements, but here experimental data is extremely limited. Integron integrases innovated from double-strand- toward single-strand-DNA recombination through the acquisition of the I2 a-helix. To investigate how this transition was possible, we have evolved integrase IntI1 to what should correspond to an early innovation state by selecting for its ancestral activity. Using synonymous alleles to enlarge sequence space exploration, we have retrieved 13 mutations affecting both I2 and the multimerization domains of
IntI1. We circumvented epistasis constraints among them using a combinatorial l… Leer más
Escudero JA., Nivina A., Kemble HE., Loot C., Tenaillon O. and Mazel D.
Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus
Scientific Reports 10(1):21677.
Bluetongue virus (BTV) epidemics are responsible for worldwide economic losses of up to US$ 3 billion. Understanding the global evolutionary epidemiology of BTV is critical in designing intervention programs. Here we employed phylodynamic models to quantify the evolutionary characteristics, spatiotemporal origins, and multi-host transmission dynamics of BTV across the globe. We inferred that goats are the ancestral hosts for BTV but are less likely to be important for cross-species transmission, sheep and cattle continue to be important for the transmission and maintenance of infection between other species. Our models pointed to China and India, countries with the highest population of goats, as the likely ancestral country for BTV emergen… Leer más
Alkhamis M., Aguilar-Vega C., Fountain-Jones NM., Lin K., Perez AM. and Sanchez-Vizcaino JM..
Histopathological and microbiological study of porcine lymphadenitis: contributions to diagnosis and control of the disease
Porcine Health Management 6(1):36.
Tuberculosis like lesions (TBL) in free-range pigs are characterised by presenting a marked heterogeneity in pathology and microbiology features, with a notorious role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), Trueperella pyogenes and different Streptococcus species. However, the capacity of these microorganism to spread to different organic cavities leading to a generalised disease is unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the organic distribution of these agents in free-range pig carcasses whole condemned due to generalised TBL.A total of 37 totally condemned animals were analysed, and samples of lymph nodes and organs were obtained (n = 262) and subjected to histopathological and microbiological examination. In addition, T. pyogenes… Leer más
Cardoso-Toset F., Gomez-Laguna J., Gomez-Gascon L., Rodriguez-Gomez IM., Galan-Relaño A., Carrasco L., Tarradas C., Vela AI. and Luque I.
Molecular detection of extended spectrum B-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli clinical isolates from diarrhoeic children in Kano, Nigeria
PLoS ONE 15(12):e0243130.
The increase in antimicrobial resistance in developed and developing countries is a global public health challenge. In this context β-lactamase production is a major contributing factor to resistance globally. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in 296 E. coli isolates recovered from diarrhoeic children younger than five years in Kano whose susceptibility profile against 7 antimicrobials had been determined. The E. coli isolates were subjected to double disc synergy test for phenotypic ESBLs detection and ESBL associated genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV) were detected using conventional PCR. Phenotypically, 12.8% (38/296) E. coli isolates presen… Leer más
Saka, K.H., Garcia-Soto S., Dabo NT., Lopez-Chavarrias V., Muhammad B., Ugarte-Ruiz M. and Alvarez J..
Computer Vision Applied to Detect Lethargy through Animal Motion Monitoring: A Trial on African Swine Fever in Wild Boar
Animals 10(12):E2241.
Early detection of infectious diseases is the most cost-effective strategy in disease surveillance for reducing the risk of outbreaks. Latest deep learning and computer vision improvements are powerful tools that potentially open up a new field of research in epidemiology and disease control. These techniques were used here to develop an algorithm aimed to track and compute animal motion in real time. This algorithm was used in experimental trials in order to assess African swine fever (ASF) infection course in Eurasian wild boar. Overall, the outcomes showed negative correlation between motion reduction and fever caused by ASF infection. In addition, infected animals computed significant lower movements compared to uninfected animals. The … Leer más
Fernandez-Carrion E., Barasona JA., Sanchez A., Jurado C., Cadenas-Fernández E. and Sanchez-Vizcaino JM..
A one health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance And Infection Control 9(1):187.
Objectives/purpose: The costs attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain theoretical and largely unspecified. Current figures fail to capture the full health and economic burden caused by AMR across human, animal, and environmental health; historically many studies have considered only direct costs associated with human infection from a hospital perspective, primarily from high-income countries. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Platform for ONE-Burden Estimates (GAP-ON€) network has developed a framework to help guide AMR costing exercises in any part of the world as a first step towards more comprehensive analyses for comparing AMR interventions at the local level as well as more harmonized analyses for quantifying the full e… Leer más
Morel CM., Alm RA., Ardal C., Bandera A., Bruno GM., Carrara E., Colombo GL., de Kraker MEA., Essack S., Frost I., Gonzalez-Zorn B., Goossens H., Guardabassi L., Harbarth S., Jorgensen PS., Kanj SS., Kostyanev T., Laxminarayan R., Leonard F., Hara GL., Mendelson M., Mikulska M., Mutters NT., Outterson K., Rodriguez-Bano J., Tacconelli E., Scudeller L. and GAP-ONE network.
Direct PCR on tissue samples to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: an alternative to the bacteriological culture
Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 01404-20.
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an ongoing issue in several countries within the European Union (EU). Microbiological culture is the official confirmation technique for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members in bovine tissues, but several methodological issues, such as moderate sensitivity and long incubation times, require the development of more sensitive and rapid techniques. This study evaluates the analytical and diagnostic performance, comparatively to culture, of a real-time PCR targeting the MTBC-specific IS6110 transposon using a panel of bovine tissue samples sourced from the Spanish bTB eradication campaign. Robustness and repeatability were evaluated in an inter-laboratory trial between EU National Refere… Leer más
Lorente-Leal V., Liandris E., Pacciarini M., Botelho A., Kenny K., Loyo B., Fernandez R., Bezos J., Dominguez L., de Juan L. and Romero B..
Quantifying Antimicrobial Exposure in Dogs From a Longitudinal Study
Frontiers In Veterinary Science 7:545.
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials (AMR) is a growing public health threat, and exposure to antimicrobials (AMs) is, on the whole, a major risk factor for the occurrence of AMR. During the past decade, a limited number of studies about AM exposure in dogs have been published, showing a noticeable diversity regarding numerators (AMU), denominators (population at risk), and indicators. The aim of this study is to show that metrics based on the most easily recorded data about treatments and a follow-up design are a promising method for a preliminary assessment of AM exposure in companion animals when more detailed data are not available. To quantify AM exposure, two simple indicators were used: the number of treatments (Ts) per 100 dogs an… Leer más
Mendez M. and Moreno MA..
Resistance to colistin and production of extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases and/or AmpC enzymes in Salmonella isolates collected from healthy pigs in Northwest Spain in two periods: 2008-2009 and 2018
International Journal Of Food Microbiology 108967.
Salmonellosis is a common subclinical infection in pigs and therefore apparently healthy animals may represent a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella for humans. This study estimates and characterizes resistance to two classes of antimicrobials considered of the highest priority within the critically important antimicrobials for humans, i.e. colistin (CR) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (3GC), on a collection of Salmonella isolates from pigs from two periods: between 2008 and 09, when colistin was massively used; and in 2018, after three years under a National Plan against Antibiotic Resistance. Prevalence of CR was low (6 out of 625; 0.96%; 95%CI: 0.44-2.1) in 2008-09 and associated mostly to the mcr-1 gene, which was detected in… Leer más
Sevilla E., Vico JP., Delgado-Blas JF., Gonzalez-Zorn B., Marin CM., Uruen C., Martin-Burriel I., Bolea R. and Mainar-Jaime RC.
